In the first research of its kind, Action on Armed Violence (AOAV) has set out to examine the impact of explosive violence on the refugee crisis in Europe.
Interviewing over 250 refugees in the UK Germany, and Greece, AOAV found in The Refugee Explosion, that 85% of those interviewed had witnessed explosive violence. In total, some 69% had witnessed shelling, 61% airstrikes, 58% Improvised Explosive Device (IED) attacks and 39% suicide attacks.
Of those refugees questioned from Afghanistan, 92% had been directly impacted by explosive violence, and from Iraq 90% had been affected.
The findings are in line with other research AOAV has done. Since 2011, it has recorded 233,949 deaths and injuries from explosive violence from English-language news sources. 76% of these were civilians and when explosive weapons were used in populated areas, 92% of those killed or injured were civilians. Such levels of harm have had consequences – over the same amount of time Europe has seen over 4 million asylum applicants.
It is clear that the often-overwhelming numbers of refugees coming into Europe are largely doing so because they are fleeing explosive violence, and that this fact has not been fully realised by many European governments.
AOAV campaigns as part of the International Network of Explosive Weapons (INEW) to encourage States to sign up to political commitment not to use explosive violence in towns and cities.
Key findings of The Refugee Explosion
- 85% of all refugees AOAV spoke to in Greece, Germany and the UK had witnessed explosive violence: 61% had witnessed airstrikes, 69% had witnessed shelling, 58% had witnessed IED attacks, 39% had witnessed suicide attacks.
- 69% said that they or their family had been directly impacted by explosive violence.
- 44% said that their homes had been destroyed by explosive violence.
- Greece saw 11,360 first time asylum applications in 2015. In 2016, Greece registered 49,875 first-time asylum applicants – a rise of over 300% compared to the previous year.
- The rate of asylum recognition increased by 100% between 2014 and 2015. However, 2016 saw a fall of 33% with 2,710 granted asylum in Greece, or 24% of all applicants.
- Of the Syrian refugees AOAV spoke to, 96% had witnessed explosive violence in their home country and 70% had been impacted by the violence.
- Of all those who answered the questionnaire, 70% cited the war in their country as their reason for fleeing.
- Only 20% of all refugees questioned had been offered psychological support. AOAV found that European states were ill-prepared to cope with the exceptional psychological needs of refugees from war zones and more must be done to help those suffering from PTSD and other psychological conditions.
AOAV’s response
Iain Overton, Action on Armed Violence’s Executive Director, said of the report: “Our findings show that the refugee crisis in Europe has been categorically fuelled by explosive violence, but that States and some sections of the media are not making this connection. From a failure to provide basic psychological help for those suffering trauma, to columnists not making the crucial difference between refugees and economic migrants, it is clear that the cause and the effect of explosive violence is not being made.
Greece is still overwhelmingly burdened by this crisis, leaving refugees in often inhumane conditions and uncertain of their futures. This unfolds while many countries across Europe continue to do very little to support Greece in handling this situation.”
ENDS
Notes to editors
– Action on Armed Violence (AOAV) is a London based charity. It has a central mission: to carry out research and advocacy in order to reduce the incidence and impact of global armed violence.
– For more information, please contact Jennifer Dathan at jdathan@aoav.org.uk or on +44 (0) 7786 837 927.
– Of the 259 individual questionnaires, 102 completed in Germany, 106 completed in Greece, and 51 completed in the UK.
– Of the 259 refugees and asylum seekers who AOAV spoke to, 128 were from Syria, 60 from Afghanistan, 31 from Iraq, nine from Nigeria, eight from Pakistan, six from Iran, two from Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Eritrea, and Egypt, and one from Senegal, El Salvador, Serbia, Uganda, India, Palestine, Yemen, Mali, and Morocco.
The whole report, The Refugee Explosion, can be found here. Whilst the report introduction and methodology can be seen here. The key findings can be viewed here. The report overview of explosive violence and refugees can be read here, as well as on refugee destinations, here, asylum law in Europe, here, and political and economic developments, here. AOAV’s country findings for Germany, the UK, and Greece can be found here, here, and here, respectively. For the report’s overall findings please click here, or for AOAV’s resulting recommendations here. To read some of the interviews from refugees AOAV spoke to please see here.
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