Drawing on Lebanese government, UN, and humanitarian data, this report analyses the human consequences of Israels attacks on Lebanon from October 2023 to June 2026, documenting escalating civilian harm, mass displacement, repeated attacks on health infrastructure, and persistent uncertainty regarding combatant casualty claims.

Since 7 October, Israel’s deployment of the F-35i Adir in Gaza has combined high-volume precision strike capability with real-time intelligence integration, enabling sustained urban bombardment with heavy munitions while deepening legal and ethical scrutiny over the scale of civilian harm.