Jiashu Hu’s satellite-based analysis shows that Khartoum has experienced sustained urban collapse during Sudan’s civil war, with sharp declines in economic activity, visible structural damage and concentrated civilian harm aligning across multiple independent data sources.

A widely cited claim that Gaza’s casualty ratio shows precise targeting of fighters collapses under comparison with other conflicts, where far higher male-to-female death ratios typically accompany wars that predominantly kill combatants.

A rigorous reassessment of casualty data shows that Israel’s campaign in Gaza has produced an exceptionally high civilian-to-combatant death ratio, far exceeding official claims and placing the conflict among the most civilian-destructive of recent decades.

Professor Mike Spagat critiques the mortality estimates in Gaza, arguing that the projection of 186,000 total deaths based on indirect-to-direct death ratios is speculative and lacks a solid foundation, emphasising the need for context-specific and transparent data collection methods.

The Gaza Ministry of Health recently released a detailed yet flawed list of war fatalities, revealing that 54.4% of the recorded deaths are women or children, exacerbating the confusion surrounding the actual death toll.

David Young, a lecturer in digital media and culture, discusses the role of open-source intelligence (OSINT) in modern conflicts, its influence on media and public perception, and the challenges posed by misinformation and AI technology.

Two conflict experts compare numbers over the last three Gaza wars and conclude: the current numbers are credible and show increasingly more civilians getting killed