This analysis of Gaza’s conflict from October 2023 to October 2024 reveals the disproportionate impact of explosive violence on civilians, particularly women, with attacks on protected sites like hospitals, schools, and IDP camps, while raising concerns over the complicity of arms exporters in potential IHL violations.

An Israeli airstrike in al-Shuhada village, West Bank, killed seven Palestinian civilians, sparking controversy over military engagement rules and civilian protection in conflict zones.