This report examines how North and South Korea have pursued fundamentally divergent military development trajectories since the 1953 armistice — the DPRK centred on nuclear deterrence and regime survival, the ROK on technological modernisation and alliance integration — and assesses the regional and global stability implications of these asymmetrical paths.

More than three years into its war on Ukraine, Russia has retooled its economy into a militarised juggernaut, sustaining its campaign through mass mobilisation, industrial scale, and strategic partnerships, while Western sanctions falter and peace remains distant.