A practical guide to some of the most important investigations, journalists and organisations exposing how artificial intelligence is being developed and deployed in modern warfare.

AOAV and SOAS brought together journalists, researchers and experts to examine how artificial intelligence, surveillance, big tech and automated targeting are reshaping warfare, civilian harm and the investigative methods needed to expose responsibility across increasingly opaque military systems.

David Young, a lecturer in digital media and culture, discusses the role of open-source intelligence (OSINT) in modern conflicts, its influence on media and public perception, and the challenges posed by misinformation and AI technology.