This final plenary at NDM-UN28 highlighted how accurate and disaggregated casualty recording is essential to evidence-based, lifesaving, and rights-driven mine action responses.

This report exposes the deadliest weapons used by Israel in Gaza, including the GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb, JDAM GBU-31 V3, SPIKE missile, M107-A3 155mm artillery shell, and white phosphorus shells, highlighting their destructive impact on civilians and the legal, ethical concerns surrounding their use.

In this paper, we explore these four recommendations, show evidence that they are at the core of addressing the IED threat and offer ways forward for the EOD community.